Abstract:
We will steadily promote the development of green and clean liquid fuels, promote technological innovation and industrialization of cellulose and other non-grain fuel ethanol in an orderly manner, and carry out trials and demonstrations to popularize and apply biodiesel. Diversified development and utilization of biomass energy will be promoted steadily. Low-carbon and zero-carbon transformation in qualified industrial parks, green and efficient energy supply models such as integrated energy stations and the integration of charge and storage of source networks will be promoted. In light of local conditions, the explore and implement demonstration projects such as new energy microgrids, micro-energy grids, and high-proportion new energy applications for power supply and use will be explored. 
On March 11, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Justice issued 'the Opinions on Accelerating the Establishment of a Regulatory and Policy System for Green Production and Consumption'
In 2021, the research and formulation of standards and supporting policies for the development of new energy sources such as hydrogen energy and ocean energy will be completed.
On April 10, 2020, the National Energy Administration issued 'the People's Republic of China Energy Law (Draft for Comments)'
Give priority to the development of renewable energy, support the development and application of new fuels, industrial raw materials and hydrogen energy to replace oil and gas into the energy category.
On April 23, 2020, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Development and Reform Commission jointly issued 'the Notice on Improving the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles'
The current subsidy for the purchase of fuel cell vehicles will be adjusted to select cities or regions with foundation, enthusiasm and characteristics, and the demonstration cities will be rewarded in the way of ‘reward instead of compensation’. Strive to establish the hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicle industry chain in about 4 years.
On June 22, 2020, the National Energy Administration issued 'the 2020 Energy Work Guidance'
Promote the development of the hydrogen energy industry from the perspective of reform and innovation and the promotion of the industrialization of new technologies.
On September 16, 2020, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration issued 'the Notice on the Demonstration Application of Fuel Cell Vehicles'
The subsidy policy for the purchase of fuel-based vehicles will be adjusted to a support policy for the demonstration and application of fuel cell vehicles, and rewards will be given to qualified urban agglomerations to carry out key fuel cell technology industrialization and demonstration applications.
On October 20, 2020, the State Council issued 'the New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)'
Overcome hydrogen energy storage and transportation, hydrogenation station, on-board hydrogen storage and other hydrogen fuel cell vehicle application support technology. Improve the economy of hydrogen fuel storage and transportation. According to local conditions to carry out industrial by-product hydrogen and renewable energy hydrogen production technology applications. Carry out various forms of storage and transportation technology demonstration applications, and gradually reduce the cost of hydrogen fuel storage and transportation: improve the hydrogen fuel storage and transportation, filling and other standard system. Strengthen hydrogen fuel safety research, strengthen the whole chain safety supervision. Promote the construction of ammonia infrastructure. Improve the management norms of chlorination infrastructure, and guide enterprises to rationally distribute chlorination infrastructure according to chlorine fuel supply and consumer demand.
On February 22, 2021, the State Council issued 'the Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Establishment and Improvement of a Green and Low-Carbon Circular Development Economic System'
By 2025, the industrial structure, energy structure, and transportation structure will be significantly optimized, the proportion of green industries will increase significantly, the level of green infrastructure will continue to improve, the level of cleaner production will continue to improve, the green transformation of production and lifestyles will achieve remarkable results, the allocation of energy resources will be more reasonable and utilization, the efficiency will be greatly improved, the total emissions of major pollutants will continue to decrease, and the intensity of carbon emissions will be significantly reduced. The ecological environment continues to improve. The market-oriented green technology innovation system is more perfect, the laws, regulations and policies are more effective, and the production system, circulation system and consumption system of green and low-carbon circular development are initially formed.
On June 25, 2021, the National Energy Administration issued the 'Notice of the National Energy Administration on Organizing the Identification of the First Batch of National Energy R & D and Innovation Platforms in the 14th Five-Year Plan'
The National Energy Administration has decided to focus on major needs such as energy security and the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" in the near future, focusing on key areas such as new power systems with new energy as the main body, new energy storage, hydrogen energy and fuel cells, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCU5), digital intelligence of energy systems, and energy system security. To carry out the identification of national energy R & D innovation platforms, including the National Energy R & D Center and National Energy Key Laboratory).
On June 28, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the key points of automobile standardization work in 2021
Focus on the use of fuel cell electric vehicles. Promote the revision of standards for fuel cell electric vehicles such as energy consumption and driving range, low-temperature cold start, power performance, on-board hydrogen systems, and hydrogenation guns.
On October 24, 2021, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued 'the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the Complete, Accurate and Comprehensive Implementation of the New Development Concept and the Work of Carbon Neutralization'
Coordinate and promote the development of the whole chain of hydrogen energy ‘storage and transportation’. Build a new power system with new energy as the main body, and improve the power grid's ability to eliminate and regulate a high proportion of renewable energy.
On December 3, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the '14th Five-Year Plan for Industrial Green Development'
The industrial sector should minimize the use of fossil energy as efficiently as possible. Increase the proportion of renewable energy utilization, promote the electrification of industrial end-use energy, encourage the application of alternative energy sources such as hydrogen energy, biofuels and waste-derived fuels in steel, cement, chemical and other industries, enhance the electrification level of industrial end-use energy, and encourage enterprises to develop multi-energy and efficient complementary utilization modes such as distributed energy sources and diversified storage vessels.
On December 29, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Natural Resources jointly issued the '14th Five-Year Raw Material Industry Development Plan'
Breaking hydrogen storage materials and other key materials to promote the complementary development of renewable energy power generation and hydrogen production industry. Organization of research and development, carbon-rich cycle blast furnace hydrogen ship kiln, hydrogen-based direct reduction and other technical research. Organize the implementation of hydrogen metallurgy, non-blast furnace ironmaking and other low-carbon smelting pilot projects.
On February 10, 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration issued 'the Opinions on Improving the Institutional Mechanisms and Policy Measures for Energy Green and Low-Carbon Transformation'
Promote the green and low-carbon transformation of transportation, optimize the transportation structure, and promote green and low-carbon transportation facilities and equipment. Promote large-capacity electrified public transportation and clean energy vehicles such as electric, hydrogen ships, advanced bio-liquid fuels, and natural ones, and improve the layout and service facilities of charging, refueling, and gas (LNG) stations to reduce clean energy in the transportation sector Energy costs. Explore high-efficiency round hydrogen transportation such as hydrogen-doped gas pipeline transportation, pure hydrogen pipeline transportation, and liquid hydrogen transportation. Encourage traditional gas stations and filling stations to build oil, gas, electric and hydrogen-integrated transportation energy service stations.
On March 21, 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration issued 'the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of New Energy Storage'
Expand the application fields of hydrogen (chlorine) energy storage and heat (cold) energy storage, and carry out pilot demonstrations of hydrogen (chlorine) energy storage relying on renewable energy to produce hydrogen (ammonia) and energy storage using abandoned mines. Combined with the system requirements to promote the joint application of a variety of storage technology, to carry out composite energy storage pilot demonstration.
On March 23, 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued 'the Medium and Long-term Plan for the Development of Hydrogen Energy Industry (2021-2035)' (referred to as 'the Medium- and Long-term Plan for the Industry').
The plan clarifies the energy attributes of hydrogen, which is an integral part of the future national energy system, giving full play to the characteristics of clean and low-carbon energy consumption, and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of energy-consuming terminals such as transportation and industry and high-energy-consuming and high-emission industries. At the same time, it is clear that hydrogen energy is the key direction of strategic emerging industries, and it is a new growth point for building a green and low-carbon industrial system and creating industrial transformation and upgrading.
The 'Medium- and Long-term Plan for the Industry' has three main core points for investment, including hydrogen energy positioning, future development goals and application direction. In the industrial positioning, hydrogen energy is formally identified as an energy source and is an important part of the energy system. In addition, the related links of the hydrogen energy industry chain are also included in the category of national strategic emerging industries. The relevant quantitative development targets mainly correspond to the 2025 target. One target is to have 50,000 hydrogen vehicles and the other target is to produce 100,000-200,000 tons of hydrogen from renewable energy. For the future application direction, the policy plans four major areas including transportation, energy storage, distributed energy and carbon reduction in the industrial sector.
In the field of transportation, the policy mentions the advantages of fuel cell vehicles in commercial models, and also proposes that hydrogen vehicles are complementary to lithium cars. In the field of energy storage, the advantages of hydrogen energy storage are mainly in long-term and large-scale scenarios. The application of distributed energy can be regarded as the expansion of the field of energy storage, mainly using the flexible conversion of hydrogen energy between different energy sources; the carbon reduction of hydrogen energy in the industrial field is mainly to replace traditional fossil energy as fuel or chemical raw materials. It is expected that it will be generally promoted in the ‘carbon neutral’ stage.
On March 29, 2022, the National Energy Administration issued 'the 2022 Energy Work Guidance'
Carry out renewable energy hydrogen production demonstration according to local conditions, and explore the development route and commercial application path of hydrogen ship technology. Accelerate new energy storage, hydrogen energy and other low-carbon zero-carbon negative-carbon major key technology research. A number of innovation platforms have been added around six key areas, including new power systems, new storage vessels, hydrogen vessels and fuel cells, carbon capture, utilization and storage, digital smart shipping of energy systems, and energy system security.
On December 15, 2022, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued 'the Outline of the Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035)'
In terms of hydrogen energy, it is pointed out that the potential of travel consumption should be released. Optimize the layout of urban transportation network and vigorously develop intelligent transportation. Promote the transformation of automobile consumption from purchase management to use management, promote the electrification, networking and intelligence of automobiles, and strengthen the construction of supporting facilities such as charging piles and hydrogenation stations. Subsequently, 'the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Modern Logistics' was issued, pointing out that the construction of charging piles, hydrogen refueling stations and shore power facilities suitable for inland vessels should be strengthened for freight vehicles, the application of clean energy such as hydrogen energy should be actively expanded in transportation, storage and distribution, and the establishment of clean energy supply and filling systems such as natural gas and hydrogen energy should be accelerated.
On June 2, 2023, the National Energy Administration issued 'the Blue Book on the Development of New Power Systems'
On June 2, the National Energy Administration officially released the ‘Blue Book on the Development of New Power Systems’ (referred to as the ‘Blue Book’). The 'Blue Book' comprehensively explained the development concept and connotation characteristics of the new power system, formulated a ‘three-step’ development path, and put forward the overall structure and key tasks of building a new power system.
This is the first official document on the new power system issued by our country, which clearly depicts the blueprint for the development of the new power system from 2023 to 2060 and defines the development path for the construction of the new power system in our country.
The 'Blue Book' proposes to promote hydrogen production from renewable energy, develop advanced solid-state hydrogen storage materials, strive to break through large-capacity, low-cost, and high-efficiency electro-hydrogen conversion technology and equipment, and carry out large-scale demonstration applications for hydrogen energy production and comprehensive utilization.
On August 8, 2023, the National Standards Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission and other six departments issued 'the Guidelines for the Construction of Hydrogen Energy Industry Standard System (2023 Edition)'
The document proposes that a standard system supporting the development of the whole chain of hydrogen energy production, storage, transmission and use will be basically established, and more than 30 national and industry standards for hydrogen energy will be formulated and revised by 2025. Focus on accelerating the formulation and revision of standards for hydrogen quality testing, hydrogen safety, renewable energy water electrolysis hydrogen production, high-pressure hydrogen storage containers, on-board hydrogen storage cylinders, hydrogen liquefaction equipment, liquid hydrogen containers, hydrogen energy pipelines, hydrogenation stations, filling agreements, fuel cells, fuel cell vehicles, etc., and open up key links upstream and downstream of the hydrogen energy industry chain. Encourage all parties involved in the formulation of standards, support qualified social organizations to formulate and publish group standards, and increase the effective supply of standards. At the same time, deeply participate in the international standardization work of ISO and IEC, actively put forward the proposal of international standards in the field of hydrogen energy, and gradually improve the influence of international standardization of hydrogen energy in China.
On September 1, 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven departments issued a notice on the steady growth of the automotive industry (2023-2024). In terms of new energy vehicles, the notice specified that:
1) Support the expansion of new energy vehicle consumption. We will implement the existing preferential policies such as vehicle and vessel tax and vehicle purchase tax for new energy vehicles, do a good job in the liquidation and examination of subsidy funds for new energy vehicles, and actively expand the proportion of personal consumption of new energy vehicles. Organize and carry out the pilot work of the pilot area for the full electrification of vehicles in the public domain, accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in the fields of urban public transport, rental, sanitation, postal express delivery, urban logistics and distribution, study and explore the promotion of regional freight truck zero emission pilot, and further improve the level of electrification of vehicles in the public domain. Organize and carry out new energy vehicles to the countryside activities, encourage enterprises to develop more advanced and applicable models, and fully tap the consumption potential of rural areas. Encourage the application of new energy vehicles for electricity, and promote the deep integration of new energy vehicles and energy. Further promote the demonstration of fuel cell vehicles and steadily increase the scale of fuel cell vehicle applications.
2) Improve infrastructure construction and operation. Implement the Guidance on Further Building a High-Quality Charging Infrastructure System and optimize the supporting environment. Encourage all localities to scientifically predict the charging demand of new energy vehicles, do a good job in the layout planning of public charging networks in cities and surrounding counties and villages, and promote the layout and construction of charging facilities and the expansion and transformation of supporting power grids in an orderly manner. Encourage the promotion and application of new technologies such as high-power charging, intelligent and orderly charging, and "optical storage and charging" integrated stations to enhance the ability to guarantee charging services. Guide local subsidies to support highways, townships and other security charging infrastructure, and increase industry support. Encourage localities to speed up the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure and promote the demonstration and application of medium-and long-distance, medium-and heavy-duty fuel cell commercial vehicles.
On December 28, 2023, five ministries and commissions issued an action plan for the green development of the shipbuilding industry (2024-2030)
The plan points out: promote the research and development and pilot of methanol, hydrogen and other power ship types, and create standardized and serialized ship types according to the needs of different scenarios. Accelerate the research and development of new transport ships such as liquid ammonia, liquid hydrogen and liquid carbon dioxide. Carry out research and development of hydrogen-fueled marine engine technology to meet the diversified green and low-carbon development needs of the shipping market.
Focusing on the demand for green and low-carbon development of ships, aiming at comprehensively mastering the development capacity of low-carbon and zero-carbon fuel ship engines, taking the development of typical models as traction, accelerate the key technology research of low-carbon and zero-carbon fuel ship engines such as LNG, methanol, ammonia and hydrogen, form the full-power spectrum development capacity of LNG, methanol, ammonia and other fuel ship engines, complete the development of hydrogen fuel ship engines, and promote the application in real ship, establish and improve the independent R & D and design platform and supply chain system of marine engines, and the key technologies such as low-carbon and zero-carbon fuel combustion, intelligent control and friction lubrication should reach the international advanced level.
On February 23, 2024, the fourth meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Commission stressed: to promote a new round of large-scale equipment renewal and consumer goods trade-in, effectively reduce the logistics costs of the whole society
The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to promote the renewal and technological transformation of all kinds of production equipment and service equipment, encourage the trade-in of traditional consumer goods such as automobiles and home appliances, and promote the trade-in of durable consumer goods. Promote large-scale recycling, strengthen the "new recycling" logistics system and the development of new models. For the trade-in of consumer goods, we must adhere to the linkage between the central government and local governments, and coordinate support for all links in the entire chain to benefit consumers more.
On February 29, 2024, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee conducted the 12th collective study on new energy technology and my country's energy security
When presiding over the study, Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, stressed that China's energy development is still facing a series of challenges, such as huge demand pressure, more supply constraints, and arduous task of green and low-carbon transformation. To meet these challenges, the way out is to vigorously develop new energy sources. We must follow the trend, take advantage of the situation, and make greater efforts to promote the high-quality development of my country's new energy, provide safe and reliable energy guarantees for Chinese-style modernization, and make greater contributions to building a clean and beautiful world.
On March 5, 2024, the government work report pointed out that 'accelerating the development of frontier emerging hydrogen energy, new materials, innovative drugs and other industries'
Actively cultivate emerging industries and future industries. Implement industrial innovation projects, improve industrial ecology, expand application scenarios, and promote the development of strategic emerging industrial integration clusters. Consolidate and expand the leading advantages of intelligent network-connected new energy vehicles and other industries, accelerate the development of cutting-edge emerging hydrogen energy, new materials, innovative drugs and other industries, and actively build new growth engines such as biological manufacturing, commercial aerospace, and low-altitude economy. Formulate future industrial development plans, open up new courses such as quantum technology and life sciences, and create a number of future industrial pilot areas. Encourage the development of venture capital and equity investment, and optimize the function of industrial investment funds. Strengthen the overall layout and investment guidance of key industries to prevent overcapacity and low-level redundant construction.
On March 13, 2024, the State Council issued 'the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Consumer Goods Trade-in' to enhance the industrial capacity for green aviation equipment, including hydrogen energy technologies.
On March 13, the State Council issued 'the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Consumer Goods Trade-in', hereinafter referred to as the Plan. The Plan emphasizes strengthening the industrial capacity for green aviation equipment, including electric and hydrogen energy, under the section "supporting the renewal of transportation equipment and old agricultural machinery." It aims to accelerate the scrapping and renewal of old ships with high energy consumption and emissions, vigorously support the development of new energy-powered ships, enhance the infrastructure and standards for these ships, and gradually expand the use of new energy sources such as electric, liquefied natural gas, biodiesel, and green methanol.
On March 22, 2024, the National Energy Administration issued ‘the Guiding Opinions on Energy Work in 2024' (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions').
On March 22, the National Energy Administration issued the 2024 Energy Work Guidance. The Guiding Opinions emphasize the need to accelerate the development of new energy formats and models. They call for strengthening the evaluation of new energy storage pilot demonstrations and promoting advancements in new energy storage technology. Additionally, the Guiding Opinions recommend preparing policies to accelerate the high-quality development of the hydrogen energy industry, vigorously support the development of new energy-powered ships, improve the supporting infrastructure and standards of new energy-powered ships, and gradually expand the application scope of new energy ships such as electric, liquefied natural gas power, biodiesel power and green methanol power.
Steadily promote the development of green and clean liquid fuels, orderly promote the technological innovation and industrialization of cellulose and other non-grain fuel ethanol, and effectively conduct pilot demonstrations for the promotion and application of biodiesel. We will steadily promote the diversified development and utilization of biomass energy. Promote the implementation of low-carbon and zero-carbon transformation in conditional industrial parks and promote green and efficient energy supply models such as integrated energy stations and integration of source, network, load and storage. According to local conditions to explore the implementation of new energy microgrid, micro-energy network, the development of a high proportion of new energy applications and other demonstration projects.